主編:詹石窗
出版:香港蓬瀛仙館
ISSN 1728-7642

道学研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 118-134.

• 人部:道教與民間信仰 • 上一篇    下一篇

歷史、傳說與聖地——以成都娘娘廟信仰空間的建構為中心

胡銳*   

  • 出版日期:2020-12-10 发布日期:2021-08-19
  • 通讯作者: *胡銳,四川大學道教與宗教文化研究所研究員。研究方向:道教寺觀。通訊地址:成都市望江路29號四川大學文科樓-樓道教與宗教文化研究所,郵編: 610064。 電子郵件: hurui@scu.edu.cn, 407031074@qq.com。

History,Legend and Holy Site-Concentrated on the Belief Space of Niangniang Temple in Chengdu

Hu Rui   

  • Online:2020-12-10 Published:2021-08-19
  • About author:Hu Rui, Professor, Sichuan University, Institute of Taoism and Religious Culture; Research Direction: Taoist Temple, Religious Geography; Address: Institute of Taoism and Religious Culture, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Postcode: 610064; Email: hurui@scu.edu.cn, 407031074@qq.com.

摘要: “殺家告廟” 是發生在三國蜀漢時期的歷史故事。通常認為該事件的發生地在成都南面的“漢昭烈廟”,也即今武侯祠所在的位置。但事實上,該事件應發生在劉備登基繼位的武擔山附近的劉氏宗廟,而劉氏宗廟與今天位於成都北面的娘娘廟位置高度吻合。從短時段來看,可知1894年後的娘娘廟以“殺家告廟”事件為信仰底色,並在社會的劇變中調適寺廟的角色和功能,是以道教信仰為主的信仰空間。在近現代娘娘廟出現之前,同一地還出現過其他佛寺、道官等信仰空間。看似一個個凌亂無序的信仰空間,其實是對古蜀武擔山聖地崇拜的傳承和表達。而武擔山聖地的建構則以古蜀蜀王和蜀王妃傳說為原生內核,以劉備登基武擔山的史實為次生內核。娘娘廟信仰空間就是武擔山聖地內核在近現代的聚合與凸顯。它整合了宗教、民俗、歷史和傳說種種資源,反映的是地方社群自古以來對“古蜀”“正統”“地方身份”等社會組織及運作的集體記憶和解釋體系,并以道教信仰的形式體現出來。

关键词: 昭烈廟, 劉氏宗廟, 娘娘廟, 武擔山聖地

Abstract: Sha jia gao miao(殺家告廟), a story about Liuchen(劉諶) killing his wife and complaining in the ancestral temple of Liu's Family(劉氏宗廟), is taking place during Shuhan (蜀漢)of Three Kingdoms period and is generally considered at Han Zhao Lie Miao(漢昭烈廟sacrificial temple to Liu Bei), where is the site of Wuhouci(武侯祠) in south Chengdu. However, this story should be taken place at the ancestral temple of Liu's Family, close to Wudan Moutain(武擔山)in north Chengdu. The ancestral temple of Liu's Family is identified close to the Niangniang Temple(娘娘廟). From the perspective of courte duree, it can be certain that after 1894 the Niangniang Temple uses the story as its religious background and adjust its role and function when the society changes violently as a Daoist temple. Before Niangniang Temple, at the same site, there existed some other belief spaces such as Buddhist and Daoist temples, etc along with the history. These disordered belief spaces have manifested the serious transmission and representation of the worship of Wudan Moutain, the holy site. The later one is concentrated on the legend of Ancient Shu, the king, and his wife, and is strengthened by the history of Liu Bei's ascending at Wudan Mountain. Niangniang temple is the typical representation of the belief of this holy site from modern time. By integrating Daoist belief and folk custom at that time, this belief space inherits and reflects the holy site's core idea, the functional explanation system of how the local society organizes and operate ever since the ancient time by their collective memory and rules, such as Ancient Shu identification, legitimism, and orthodox, and demonstrates it by the Daoist belief.

Key words: Sacrificial temple of Liu Bei, Ancestral temple of Liu's Family, Niangniang Temple, Holy site of Wudan Mountain